Pharmaceutical wastewater is formed by four production types, namely, the production of antibiotics, Chinese patent medicines, synthetic drugs and washing water for various pharmaceutical agents. The composition of wastewater is complex, and there are many kinds of organic pollutants, mainly including various raw materials and solvents used in the production process. At the same time, with the formation of various chemical reactions and by-products, the wastewater has high concentration, high toxicity, dark color, and extremely difficult biodegradation.
In order to treat pharmaceutical industrial wastewater, the commonly used methods include physicochemical method, biochemical method, chemical method and other combined processes. Physicochemical method is mainly used as the pre-treatment stage of biochemical treatment, while the chemical law is to use feasible reagents to conduct chemical reaction on pharmaceutical wastewater, control the dosage of reagents, avoid secondary pollution, and achieve the purpose of treating pharmaceutical wastewater.
Biochemical technology is mainly used to treat organics in wastewater, and aerobic and anaerobic methods are often used, including hydrolytic acidification and aerobic biological treatment.
1. Anaerobic treatment method: anaerobic oxidation method is generally used to treat organic wastewater with high concentration. After anaerobic treatment alone, the COD content of effluent will still be very high, so aerobic biological treatment is often required as post-treatment to achieve better results. Common anaerobic treatment technologies include upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB), also known as flow anaerobic sludge bed. In this technology, a highly active and concentrated sludge bed is set at the bottom of the reactor, and methane and carbon dioxide are produced through anaerobic fermentation when wastewater flows in reverse. The UASB method has simple structure and high efficiency, but it requires strict technology and is difficult to domesticate. In addition, hydrolysis acidification method is also an anaerobic treatment method, which is improved on the basis of UASB method. The improved hydrolytic acidification method can decompose macromolecular organic pollutants into small molecular pollutants, improve the biochemical reaction, and has the characteristics of fast reaction speed, small investment, low cost, no need for sealing, etc., which only requires proper mixing.
2. Aerobic biological treatment: aerobic biological treatment generally requires dilution of raw water. The representative method is the biological fluidized bed method, which uses anthracite and sand as biological carriers to treat wastewater through the sand bed. The biological fluidized bed method can effectively increase the contact area between wastewater and biological carrier, and has small floor area and rapid reaction. In addition, aerobic biological treatment can also adopt other methods, such as ordinary activated sludge method, adsorption biodegradation method, biological activity method, biofilm method, circulating activated sludge method, etc.
To sum up, for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater, the common methods include physicochemical method, biochemical method and chemical method, in which the combination of aerobic and anaerobic technology in biochemical method is often applied. According to the specific characteristics and treatment requirements of wastewater, appropriate treatment methods shall be selected to ensure effective purification of wastewater. At the same time, with the progress of technology, there are many other combined processes to choose from. Suppliers and processing manufacturers can choose and optimize according to the actual situation.
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