Heavy metal pollution in water bodies in China is a serious problem. Many rivers, lakes and marine sediments and surface sediments have serious heavy metal pollution problems. The pollution degree is as high as 80.1%, involving heavy metals such as copper, lead, cadmium, mercury, etc.
At present, China mainly adopts the treatment process provided by Japan in treating wastewater containing heavy metals. However, this process has some problems. First, the treatment process will produce a large number of sludge containing highly toxic hydrogen sulfide gas. Secondly, the generated heavy metal sulfide particles are small and difficult to dehydrate. In addition, the sludge contains a large number of harmful substances such as arsenic, copper and other heavy metal ions, which may leak if not treated in time, leading to secondary pollution. The large amount of raw materials and slag makes it difficult to transport materials. The gypsum is not strong enough and contains heavy metals, so it cannot be effectively used. As the effluent is high salinity wastewater, it cannot be reused, affecting the overall recovery and utilization rate of wastewater. In addition, the huge water treatment equipment and system are complex.
In the future, containing heavy metals waste water treatment The development direction should include the following aspects: First, the process flow should be simple, low cost, and hydrogen sulfide gas will not be produced in the treatment process to ensure personnel safety. Secondly, the treated water quality should have the potential for reuse. Third, valuable metals in wastewater should be recovered. Finally, wastewater treatment has low cost, high efficiency, easy management and no secondary pollution, which is conducive to the improvement of the ecological environment.
Biological method is a promising treatment method, because it has advantages in low cost, high efficiency, easy management, no secondary pollution, and is conducive to the improvement of ecological environment. In addition, integrating several technologies to treat heavy metal wastewater and realize the recovery and reuse of heavy metals not only solves the problem of heavy metal pollution, but also has economic benefits. In addition, the development of new technologies is also an important direction to solve the problem of heavy metal containing wastewater treatment. For example, we can develop and promote the use of new technologies that are low-cost, non secondary pollution, and can effectively recover heavy metals, such as heavy metal ion complexing agent method. This method has advantages in reusability of effluent and step-by-step recovery of heavy metals, and can achieve the goal of energy conservation, emission reduction and resource recovery.
In a word, the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals is an important and complex problem. In solving this problem, we should comprehensively use various technologies, constantly innovate and improve treatment technologies, and take environmental protection and resource recovery as the goal.
At present, China still faces some difficulties in the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals. First of all, because the composition and concentration of heavy metal wastewater are different, customized treatment schemes are required for different wastewater. This requires a large amount of R&D and technical improvement to improve the wastewater treatment effect and reduce the treatment cost. Secondly, the construction, operation, maintenance and management of wastewater treatment facilities also face certain challenges. It is necessary to fully train and improve the technical level of operators to ensure the normal operation of equipment and the compliance of wastewater treatment indicators. In addition Sludge treatment And disposal is also a key issue. There are also valuable heavy metals and toxic substances in the sludge. How to effectively recover heavy metals and safely dispose of toxic substances requires corresponding policies and technical standards. In addition, the supervision and law enforcement of wastewater treatment also need to be further strengthened to ensure that enterprises conduct wastewater treatment in accordance with regulations and avoid illegal discharge and environmental pollution.
In the future, China can continue to make efforts and improvements in the field of wastewater treatment containing heavy metals to improve treatment efficiency and reduce treatment costs. On the one hand, we can continue to promote the research and application of biological methods and develop more efficient and economic biotechnology, such as using special microorganisms or modifying plants to absorb and transform heavy metal pollutants. On the other hand, we can strengthen cooperation with domestic and foreign partners, introduce advanced technology and equipment, and learn from the experience and successful cases of other countries. At the same time, strengthen the formulation and implementation of policies and regulations, increase the punishment for illegal discharge, and form a strong regulatory mechanism to ensure that wastewater treatment meets the standards and regulations. In addition, it is also necessary to strengthen innovative research and development, carry out in-depth scientific research, promote the innovation and progress of wastewater treatment technology, and provide new solutions for the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals in China. Through continuous efforts and improvement, China can gradually solve the problem of wastewater treatment containing heavy metals, and achieve the protection and sustainable development of water environment.
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